Hence, this study aimed to assess hyoid bone position and airway volume in subjects with obstructive and nonobstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy and to investigate the relationship between airway volume and hyoid bone position in subjects aged 7 to 12 years. Additionally, several authors 5– 7 linked the position of the hyoid bone to airway adequacy, but their assumptions were speculative and debatable. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the particular impact of adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy on the stomatognathic system. However, in mouth-breathing participants, the vast bulk of previous research asserted that the site of obstruction in the airway would not be a confounding factor, which, to some extent, might explain the controversial findings. The association between mouth breathing and craniofacial structure deformities appeared in the orthodontic literature a long time ago.
4 concluded that mouth breathing was linked to skeletal and dental developmental changes in children.
Additionally, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhao et al. 3 This is primarily because nasal airway inadequacy is subjective, and different authors judge breathing modes differently. Some scholars believe that mouth breathing is associated with alteration of craniofacial development and position of the hyoid bone, 2 while others disagree. The impact of mouth breathing on the dentoskeletal complex has been an area of debate and controversy for decades. Consequently, nasal resistance due to adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy is hypothesized 1 to cause developmental changes in the craniofacial complex. Moss' functional matrix theory states that the soft tissue directs skeletal tissue development. The adenoids and palatine and lingual tonsils constitute the main component of the Waldeyer's ring, a lymphoid tissue complex around the pharynx that plays a crucial role in immunologic defense of the body.
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